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At the time of European contact, some of the indigenous people were traditionally mostly semi- nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting , fishing , gathering , and migrant agriculture. Many of the estimated 2, nations and tribes which existed in the 16th century suffered extinction as a consequence of the European settlement, and many were assimilated into the Brazilian population. The indigenous population was largely killed by European diseases, declining from a pre-Columbian high of millions to some , , grouped into tribes. However, the number could be much higher if the urban indigenous populations are counted in all the Brazilian cities today. A somewhat dated linguistic survey [3] found living indigenous languages with , total speakers.